Medieval Architecture • Architecture as cultural signpost. • The Great Mosque of Córdoba: La Mezquita • Inside the Great Mosque of Córdoba • Córdoba's Cathedral is a Mosque! • Cordoba Mosque: Calligraphy and Imagery • Alhambra: Historical Introduction • Approaching the Alhambra • Entering the Alhambra • Inside the Alhambra • Alhambra: Court of the Lions • Alhambra: Poetry and Arabesque. • Alhambra: A Case of Two Palaces • Alhambra: Palaces and Power • Mozarabic Architecture: San Baudelio. • Castles in Spain • Romanesque Architecture: Background. • Romanesque in Catalonia. • Romanesque in Aragón, Navarra, Castile-León. • Church Architecure and the Reconquista. • Cistercian Architecure. • Gothic Architecture: Background. • Gothic: Four Cathedrals. • Burgos Cathedral • Antoni Gaudí. • Gaudí. Sagrada Familia. History. • Gaudí. Sagrada Familia. •
Bullfighting in Spain • Jamón ibérico • Spanish Food. Introduction. • Food. From Early Days to the Romans. • Food. Al-Andalus. Agriculture. • Spanish Food. Ziryab (789-857). • Food. Al-Andalus and cookbooks. • Conversos and Moriscos: Tyranny of Food. •
The Earliest Years • Spain in the Palaeolithic Age • Copper Age: Antequera. • The Iberians in Spain • The Celts in Spain • Iberians and Celts in 19th and 20th-Century Spain • Tartessus • The Phoenicians in Spain • The Greeks in Spain • The Carthaginians in Spain • Roman Conquest of Hispania • Rome and Hispania • Roman Roads in Hispania • Roman Towns in Hispania • Rome. Hispania, Christianity • Visigoths in Spain. • Visigoths or Invisigoths! • Visigoths and Unity • Visigoths and Jews. • Al-Andalus: Rise and Fall of Islamic Spain • 8th C Al-Andalus: Invasion • 8th C Al-Andalus: Consolidation • 9th C Al-Andalus • 10th C Al-Andalus: Abd al-Rahman III • 10th C Al-Andalus: Cordoba and Culture • 10th C. Al-Andalus: Al-Mansur • 11th C al-Andalus: Taifa kingdoms. • 11th C al-Andalus: Almoravids. • 12th C al-Andalus: Almohads. • Al-Andalus: Survival of Granada • Al-Andalus: Economy • Al-Andalus: Dhimmis • Al-Andalus: Muwallads • Al-Andalus: Mozarabs • Mozarabs: Resistance Accommodation • Mozarabs: A Controversial Term • Mudejars • Moriscos • Early Christian kingdoms: Asturias, León. • Early Christian kingdoms: Pamplona, Navarre. • Early Christian kingdoms: Castile. • Alfonso X, el Sabio: Politics. • Jews in Spain to 13th Century • Jews in 14th-Century Spain • Jews in Early 15th-Century Spain • Jews and Conversos in 15th-Century Spain • Conquest of Granada • 16th C Spain. Overview: Politics • Catholic Monarchs: Politics • Carlos/Charles V: Politics • 17th C Spain. Overview: Politics • 18th C Spain. Overview: Politics (1) • 18th C Spain. Overview: Politics (2) • 19th C Spain. Overview: Politics • The Peninsular War 1808-14 • Restoration 1875-1902 • Anarchism in 19th-century Spain • 20th C Spain. Overview: Politics • Restoration 1902-1923: Regeneration • Restoration 1902-1931: Alfonso XIII • Restoration 1900-1923: The Military • M. Primo de Rivera: Coup and Success. • M. Primo de Rivera: Fall. • Spanish Civil War: The Opening Salvo • Spanish Civil War: Objective Madrid. • Civil War: The Republic. • Civil War: International Context. • Spain’s Uncivil War. • Franco Crusader Saviour? • Civil War and the Catholic Church • Franco's Spain & International Relations • Franco and the Catholic Church • Córdoba: Historical Overview • Granada to the 17th Century • Granada from the 17th to 20th Century • Seville to 1500 • Seville: 16th and 17th Centuries • Seville from 1700 • Toledo: Historical Overview • CATALONIA: Early Days to 1000 AD. • Catalonia 18th Century • Catalonia. 19th-Century Politics. • Catalonia Renaixença • Towards a Catalan Voice. • Catalonia 1900-1923 • ARAGON: The Early Days. •
Poema or Cantar de Mío Cid: Summary • El Cid: Brief Biography. • Poema de Mío Cid: Spain’s Hero? • Poema de Mío Cid: A Different Hero. • Book of Good Love: Libro de buen amor • Book of Good Love: Ambiguity • Book of Good Love: Love and seduction • Ballads/Romances. Historical Overview to Civil War (1936-39) • Ballads/Romances. Origins. Classification. • Ballads/Romances. Metre, Rhyme, Style. • Celestina: Summary • Celestina: Author, genre, location • Celestina: The World of Calisto and Melibea • Celestina: The World of Celestina • Celestina: Challenge and Innovation • Celestina: Daily Needs and Survival • Celestina: Interpretations • Spain Golden Age Literature: Background • Spain Golden Age Literature: Overview • Romances of Chivalry • Amadis of Gaul: Summary • Amadis of Gaul: What is it about? • Spain: Romances of Chivalry Popularity • Spain: Romances of Chivalry Decline • Garcilaso: Life and Fame • Garcilaso: Innovations • Garcilaso: Sonnet 1 • Garcilaso: Sonnet 23 • Lazarillo de Tormes: Summary • Lazaro: The Letter Writer • Lazarillo: Cynic,Saint, Knight,? • Lazarillo de Tormes and Reality • San Juan de la Cruz: Noche oscura. • San Juan: Llama de amor viva. • Góngora: Mientras por competir… • Quevedo: Poderoso caballero. • Quevedo: ¡Ah de la vida!... • Quevedo. El Buscón Introduction. • Quevedo. El buscón Book I Summary. • Quevedo. El Buscón Book II Summary. • Quevedo. El Buscón Book III Summary • Guzmán de Alfarache. • Guzmán de Alfarache. From equality to heroism. • Guzman de Alf. New Epic or Novel? • Cervantes: Life Part I • Cervantes: Life Part II • Cervantes: What is it about titles? • Cervantes: What is it about the title "Don Quixote"? • Don Quixote Part I (1605): Summary • Don Quixote Part II (1615): Summary • Don Quixote and Fame • Don Quixote: Hero or Fool? • Don Quixote and the Real World Part I • Don Quixote and the Real World Part II • Don Quixote: Sancho Panza • Don Quixote: An Authoritarian’s Nightmare. • Don Quixote: The "True" Story • Don Quixote. Hero or religious extremist? • Fuenteovejuna: Summary. • La vida es sueño: Summary • El burlador de Sevilla. Summary • Don Juan...the Devil. • Don Juan and Honour. •
General Map of Spain • Geography • Coastal Regions • The North Coast • Las Rias • La Costa Verde • La Costa Cantábrica • La Costa Vasca • The Mediterranean Coast • La Costa de la Luz • Mountains • The Meseta • Rivers • Water Problems • Spain: UNESCO World Heritage Sites • Visiting Córdoba. • Visiting Toledo • Travel Itinereray: 2013 Trip to Spain • Travel 2013: Barcelona Arrival • Travel 2013. Day 1. Barcelona • Travel 2013. Day 2. Barcelona. • Travel 2013. Day 3. Barcelona to Cuenca. • Travel 2013. Day 4. Cuenca to Granada. • Travel 2013. Day 5 (1). Granada. • Travel 2013. Day 5 (2). Granada. • Travel 2013. Day 6. Las Alpujarras. • Travel 2013. Day 7. Granada La Hoya. • Travel 2013. Day 8. La Hoya to Carmona • Travel 2013. Day 9 (1). Carmona Seville. • Travel 2013. Day 9 (2) Seville. • Travel 2013. Day 10 (1) Carmona Cordoba. • Travel 2013. Day 10 (2) Cordoba Almagro. • Travel 2013. Day 11. Almagro to Madrid • Travel 2013. Day 12 (1) Madrid. • Travel 2013. Day 12 (2) Madrid. • Travel 2013 Day 13 Madrid to Segovia. • Travel 2013 Day 14 Segovia El Burgo de Osma. • Travel 2013 Day 15 Berlanga, Baudelio, Gormaz • Travel 2013. Day 15 (2) Calatanazor. • Travel 2013. Day 16 Burgo de O to Sos del Rey C • Travel 2013. Day 17 Sos and Leyre Monastery. • Travel 2013 Day 18. San Juan de la Pena and Alquezar. • Travel 2013. Day 19. Alquezar. •
© 2009 Spain Then and Now.
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